Cadmium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd
Sn
Group Number
12
6
14
4
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440439
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Unknown
Discovery
In 1817
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
21
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
11
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
15
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C
99+
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.00
16
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa
39
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
39
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69
17
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53
13
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.52
27
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31
37
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
11
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
48
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
64
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
48
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm
99+
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
99+
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89
1
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3
28
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa
35
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa
29
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.65
36
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m
36
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
32
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
16
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
27
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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