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Cadmium Tin Comparison

Cadmium
Tin
Tin Cadmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Sn  
Group Number
12  
6
14  
4
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
-  
Discovery
In 1817  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.71  
26
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
18
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
25
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
30
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
48  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
34
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
13
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
594.00 K  
99+
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
Summary >>
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