Tin Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Cd
Group Number
14
4
12
6
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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