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Tin vs Cadmium

Tin
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Cd   
Group Number
14   
4
12   
6
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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