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Tin vs Osmium

Tin
Osmium
Osmium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Os  
Group Number
14  
4
8  
10
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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