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Osmium vs Copper

Osmium
Copper
Copper vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Cu   
Group Number
8   
10
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1803   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
Not Available   
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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