Osmium Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Cu
Group Number
8
10
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
Not Available
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Copper
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
35
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
Not Available
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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