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Copper vs Osmium

Copper
Osmium
Osmium vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Os  
Group Number
11  
7
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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