Osmium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Hg
Group Number
8
10
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1803
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
Not Available
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
Not Available
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
80
36
Number of Neutrons
114
25
121
22
Number of Electrons
76
39
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
Not Available
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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