Tin Osmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Os
Group Number
14
4
8
10
Period Number
5
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
Not Available
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
3,490.00 MPa
1
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.52
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
76
39
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
114
25
Number of Electrons
50
99+
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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