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Osmium vs Silver

Osmium
Silver
Silver vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Ag  
Group Number
8  
10
11  
7
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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