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Silver vs Yttrium

Silver
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Y   
Group Number
11   
7
3   
15
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440655   
25
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Johan Gadolin   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1794   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
3,337.00 °C   
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
589.00 MPa   
22
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
39   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
39   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
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