Silver Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Y
Group Number
11
7
3
15
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
47
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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