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Osmium vs Sodium

Osmium
Sodium
Sodium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
-  
Group Number
8  
10
1  
17
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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