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Osmium vs Tin

Osmium
Tin
Tin vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Sn   
Group Number
8   
10
14   
4
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1803   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
Not Available   
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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