Osmium vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Sn
Group Number
8
10
14
4
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
Not Available
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
69
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
Not Available
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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