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Osmium vs Tin

Osmium
Tin
Tin vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Sn  
Group Number
8  
10
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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