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Cadmium vs Tantalum

Cadmium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Cadmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Ta  
Group Number
12  
6
5  
13
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
99+
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.71  
26
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
18
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
25
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
30
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
48  
99+
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
108  
29
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
34
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
13
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
99+
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
99+
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
594.00 K  
99+
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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