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Calcium vs Indium


Indium vs Calcium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ca   
In   

Group Number
2   
16
13   
5

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
s block   
p block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440702   
21
7440746   
17

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
I4/mmm   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
139.00   
8

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   

Discovery
In 1808   
In 1863   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %   
3
3 * 10-8 %   
28

Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %   
4
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %   
4
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %   
3
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
5
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
1.40 %   
1
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Research   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
Not Available   

In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
839.00 °C   
99+
156.61 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C   
99+
2,000.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
NA   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.75   
17
1.20   
20

Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa   
99+
8.80 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
1,215.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ca   
In   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
19   
20
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.00   
99+
1.78   
16

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95   
24
2.14   
8

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04   
34
1.49   
13

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08   
17
1.76   
10

Allen Electronegativity
1.03   
39
1.66   
18

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.00   
9
2.22   
38

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18

3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39

4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17

5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
2.87 eV   
38
4.12 eV   
24

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
20   
99+
49   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
20   
99+
49   
99+

Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
66   
99+

Number of Electrons
20   
99+
49   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
197.00 pm   
6
167.00 pm   
24

Covalent Radius
176.00 pm   
22
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm   
19
193.00 pm   
31

Atomic Weight
40.08 amu   
99+
114.82 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
15.70 cm3/mol   
33

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Potassium
  
Cadmium
  

Next Element
Scandium
  
Tin
  

Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
54.00 (-eV)   
25

Lattice Constant
558.84 pm   
9
325.23 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
7.31 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
7.02 g/cm3   
33

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2.50 MPa   
21

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)   
3
0.01 (Pa)   
11

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa   
99+
11.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4.58   
99+
7.31   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
83.70 nΩ·m   
34

Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17

Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
28.90 kJ/mol   
31

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27

Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
26.74 J/mol·K   
25

Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K   
5
81.80 W/m·K   
21

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
226.40 kJ/mol   
40

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
57.80 J/mol.K   
22

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