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Indium vs Calcium

Indium
Calcium
Calcium vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Ca   
Group Number
13   
5
2   
16
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
s block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
Not Available   
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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