Indium Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Ca
Group Number
13
5
2
16
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440746
17
7440702
21
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1863
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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