Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pnma
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Not Available
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Discovery
In 1803
In 1940
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available