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Cerium vs Aluminium

Cerium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Al   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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