Aluminium vs Cerium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Ce
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1825
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.12
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
82
99+
Number of Electrons
13
99+
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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