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Cerium vs Bismuth

Cerium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Bi   
Group Number
Not Available   
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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