Cerium vs Copper
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce
Cu
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440451
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
27
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.
14
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C
99+
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C
23
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Copper
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa
99+
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa
32
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12
99+
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88
11
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV
39
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58
99+
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
58
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
58
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm
12
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm
8
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm
17
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu
99+
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol
17
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)
99+
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm
34
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3
38
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
34
1.53 (Pa)
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)
13
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa
99+
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa
99+
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa
99+
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.24
27
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m
3
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K
23
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K
99+
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
16
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol
23
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K
12
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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