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Cerium vs Erbium

Cerium
Erbium
Erbium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce  
Er  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440451  
99+
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %  
23
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
36
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
Not Available  
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C  
99+
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C  
23
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa  
99+
814.00 MPa  
11
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa  
32
589.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
2,830.00 m/s  
28
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
1.24  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
1.11  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88  
11
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV  
39
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
99  
33
Number of Electrons
58  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm  
12
176.00 pm  
18
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm  
8
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm  
17
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu  
99+
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol  
17
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
49.00 (-eV)  
29
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm  
34
355.88 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.57  
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3  
38
8.86 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa  
99+
28.30 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa  
99+
44.40 GPa  
27
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa  
99+
69.90 GPa  
29
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
27
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
9.07  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K  
23
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol  
16
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol  
23
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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