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Cerium vs Titanium

Cerium
Titanium
Titanium vs Cerium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ce   
Ti   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440451   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1791   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
27
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
795.00 °C   
99+
1,660.00 °C   
18
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C   
23
3,287.00 °C   
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray-White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa   
99+
716.00 MPa   
15
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa   
32
830.00 MPa   
14
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
5,090.00 m/s   
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ce   
Ti   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
23   
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12   
99+
1.54   
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.09   
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.32   
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.38   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88   
11
2.46   
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
658.80 kJ/mol   
39
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV   
39
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
58   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
58   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
58   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm   
12
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm   
8
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm   
17
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lanthanum
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Praseodymium
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm   
34
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3   
38
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)   
13
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa   
99+
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa   
99+
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
27
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
4.51   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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