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Cesium Thallium Comparison

Cesium
Thallium
Thallium Cesium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs  
Tl  
Group Number
1  
17
13  
5
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440462  
40
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Cesium is the most alkaline metal and is used in atomic clocks.  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1860  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.  
31
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
28.50 °C  
99+
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C  
99+
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa  
99+
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.14 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,630.00 m/s  
99+
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.93  
17
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cs  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79  
99+
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22  
99+
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62  
99+
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
0.66  
99+
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21  
2
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
3,757.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
3,757.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
3,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
37,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,757.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
375.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
375.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV  
99+
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
55  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
78  
99+
123  
21
Number of Electrons
55  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm  
2
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm  
2
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm  
2
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm  
5
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.87  
3
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa  
99+
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87  
99+
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol  
30
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K  
6
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K  
37
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K  
22
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
Summary >>
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