Cesium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Mg
Group Number
1
17
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440462
40
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1860
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
Not Available
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
55
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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