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Magnesium vs Cesium


Cesium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Mg   
Cs   

Group Number
2   
16
1   
17

Period Number
3   
6   

Block
s block   
s block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440462   
40

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Not Available   

Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   

Discovery
In 1755   
In 1860   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
8 * 10-8 %   
24

Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.0000008 %   
20

Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
17

Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
17

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Mildly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28

In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.05 p.p.m.   
26

Physical Properties

Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
28.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
678.40 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery Gold   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
0.20   
25

Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
0.14 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Mg   
Cs   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
15   
24
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
0.79   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
0.22   
33

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
0.86   
99+

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
0.62   
26

Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
0.66   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
3.21   
2

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8

3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16

4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3

Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
2.14 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
12   
99+
55   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Xe] 6s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
12   
99+
55   
99+

Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
78   
99+

Number of Electrons
12   
99+
55   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
265.00 pm   
1

Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
244.00 pm   
2

Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
343.00 pm   
2

Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
132.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
71.07 cm3/mol   
1

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Sodium
  
Tin
  

Next Element
Aluminium
  
Barium
  

Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
8.62 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
614.10 pm   
5

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
1.93 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
1.84 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
1.60 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
1.70 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
1.87   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
205.00 nΩ·m   
17

Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
45.50 kJ/mol   
25

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23

Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
32.21 J/mol·K   
4

Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
35.90 W/m·K   
36

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,938.00 K   
5

Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
85.20 J/mol.K   
3

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