Cesium vs Nickel
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Ni
Group Number
1
17
10
8
Period Number
6
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1860
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
55
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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