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Cesium vs Palladium

Cesium
Palladium
Palladium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Pd   
Group Number
1   
17
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1860   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
Not Available   
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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