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Cesium vs Thorium

Cesium
Thorium
Thorium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs  
Th  
Group Number
1  
17
0  
18
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440462  
40
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1860  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %  
24
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %  
20
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C  
99+
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
678.40 °C  
99+
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gold  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
25
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa  
99+
390.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
295.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79  
99+
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22  
33
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.11  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62  
26
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.66  
99+
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21  
2
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV  
99+
3.41 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55  
99+
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55  
99+
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
78  
99+
142  
15
Number of Electrons
55  
99+
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm  
1
179.80 pm  
15
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm  
2
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm  
2
237.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu  
99+
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm  
5
508.42 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
31.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa  
99+
54.00 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87  
99+
11.70  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K  
36
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K  
5
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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