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Chemical Properties of Hafnium and Gadolinium

Hafnium
Gadolinium
Chemical Properties of Gadolinium and Hafnium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.20   
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
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