Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1922
In 1880
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available