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Chromium Silver Comparison


Silver Chromium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cr   
Ag   

Group Number
6   
12
11   
7

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440473   
39
7440224   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Unknown   

Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Before 5000 BC   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %   
7
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %   
7
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
13
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
19

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29

In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
0.44 p.p.m.   
20

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,857.00 °C   
14
961.93 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C   
39
2,212.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
8.50   
1
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa   
16
251.00 MPa   
37

Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa   
10
229.00 MPa   
30

Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s   
5
2,680.00 m/s   
34

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
97.00 %   
1

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cr   
Ag   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
21   
18
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.93   
9

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66   
14
1.83   
11

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56   
10
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.47   
15

Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.87   
7

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.34   
36
2.07   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
731.00 kJ/mol   
27

2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11

3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19

4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7

Electron Work Function
4.50 eV   
14
4.26 eV   
20

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
24   
99+
47   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
24   
99+
47   
99+

Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
61   
99+

Number of Electrons
24   
99+
47   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
36

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
145.00 pm   
39

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
172.00 pm   
38

Atomic Weight
52.00 amu   
99+
107.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Palladium
  

Next Element
Manganese
  
Cadmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
11.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
291.00 pm   
99+
408.53 pm   
20

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
10.49 g/cm3   
35

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3   
40
9.32 g/cm3   
21

Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
0.00 (Pa)   
14

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa   
9
30.00 GPa   
23

Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
100.00 GPa   
16

Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa   
8
83.00 GPa   
23

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.19   
99+
10.50   
26

Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
5

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   

Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1

Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
125.60 kJ/mol   
5

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25

Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K   
17
429.00 W/m·K   
1

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
255.10 kJ/mol   
37

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
11.30 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
284.50 kJ/mol   
37

Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
42.60 J/mol.K   
35

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