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Chromium vs Silver

Chromium
Silver
Silver vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Ag  
Group Number
6  
12
11  
7
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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