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Silver vs Chromium

Silver
Chromium
Chromium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Cr   
Group Number
11   
7
6   
12
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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