Chromium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr
Fe
Group Number
6
12
8
10
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440473
39
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Unknown
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %
7
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %
7
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
13
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.
21
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C
14
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C
39
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
8.50
1
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa
16
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa
10
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s
5
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cr
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
18
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66
14
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56
10
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34
36
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV
14
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
24
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
24
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
28
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
24
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
4
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3
40
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa
7
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)
1
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa
9
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
11
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa
8
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.19
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m
27
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol
15
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K
17
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol
24
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol
20
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol
21
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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