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Chromium vs Iron

Chromium
Iron
Iron vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Fe  
Group Number
6  
12
8  
10
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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