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Chromium vs Titanium

Chromium
Titanium
Titanium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Ti  
Group Number
6  
12
4  
14
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1791  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %  
7
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %  
7
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
21
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
1,660.00 °C  
18
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
39
3,287.00 °C  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray-White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
16
716.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
10
830.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
5
5,090.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Ti  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
23  
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
18
1.54  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
14
1.09  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
10
1.32  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
19
1.38  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.46  
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
13
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
14
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
14
4.33 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
24  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
40
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
434.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
116.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
4.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
25
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
15
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
24
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
21
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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