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Titanium vs Chromium

Titanium
Chromium
Chromium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Cr  
Group Number
4  
14
6  
12
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1791  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %  
2
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
23
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
16
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
21
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
56.00 %  
26
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
39
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
30
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K  
21
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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