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Titanium vs Chromium

Titanium
Chromium
Chromium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti   
Cr   
Group Number
4   
14
6   
12
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1791   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C   
18
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C   
22
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray-White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa   
15
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa   
14
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s   
9
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ti   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23   
16
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54   
26
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09   
20
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32   
23
1.56   
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.38   
32
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46   
28
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol   
39
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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