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Silver Chromium Comparison

Silver
Chromium
Chromium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Cr  
Group Number
11  
7
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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