Silver Chromium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Cr
Group Number
11
7
6
12
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440473
39
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.56
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
47
99+
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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