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Chromium Vanadium Comparison

Chromium
Vanadium
Vanadium Chromium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
V  
Group Number
6  
12
5  
13
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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