Cobalt Manganese Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Co
Mn
Group Number
9
9
7
11
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440484
38
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1732
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
10
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
21
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
27
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
29
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
34
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
26
196.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
14
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
Not Available
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
12
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56
1
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70
5
1.60
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.84
10
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
99+
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
19
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
5
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00
1
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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