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Cobalt Nickel Comparison

Cobalt
Nickel
Nickel Cobalt comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co   
Ni   
Group Number
9   
9
10   
8
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440484   
38
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1732   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.75   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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