Copper Vanadium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
V
Group Number
11
7
5
13
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508
37
7440622
27
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Found in Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
29
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Not Available
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
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