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Copper Vanadium Comparison

Copper
Vanadium
Vanadium Copper comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
V  
Group Number
11  
7
5  
13
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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