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Cr Element
Chromium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Cr 0
Group Number
6 12
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block 0
Element Family
Transition Metal 0
CAS Number
7440473 39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m 0
Space Group Number
229.00 1
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin 0
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 % 7
Abundance In Sun
~0.002 % 7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 % 7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 16
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
0
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry 0
Medical Uses
NA 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Highly Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3 12
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m. 21
Physical
0
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C 14
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C 39
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silver 0
Luster
Metallic 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
8.50 1
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa 16
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa 10
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s 5
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Cr 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
21 18
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66 18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66 14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56 10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
1.65 19
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34 36
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol 1
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol 1
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol 1
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol 1
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol 1
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol 1
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol 1
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol 1
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol 1
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol 1
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol 12
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol 13
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol 10
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol 12
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol 1
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol 2
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol 3
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol 4
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol 5
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol 7
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol 7
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol 6
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 100
24th Energy Level
Not Available 100
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr 73
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV 14
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
24 82
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1 0
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC) 0
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
24 81
Number of Neutrons
28 61
Number of Electrons
24 81
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm 46
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm 45
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 28
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu 76
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol 60
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
39 0
Next Element
31 0
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV) 4
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm 62
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3 58
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3 40
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa 7
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa) 1
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa 9
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa 11
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa 8
Poisson Ratio
0.21 32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
7.19 46
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
NA 0
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m 27
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω 25
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol 15
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K) 12
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K 55
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K 17
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K) 57
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol 24
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol 20
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol 21
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K 57
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