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Cr Element
Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr
Group Number
6 12
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440473 39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00 2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 % 7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3 12
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m. 25
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C 14
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C 41
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
8.50 1
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa 18
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa 17
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s 8
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.97 2
Reflectivity
70.00 % 13
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21 18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66 19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66 17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56 11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66 19
Allen Electronegativity
1.65 22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34 36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol 1
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol 1
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol 1
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol 1
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol 1
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol 1
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol 1
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol 1
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol 1
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol 1
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol 12
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol 36
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol 10
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol 12
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol 2
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol 2
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol 3
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol 4
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol 5
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol 7
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol 7
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol 6
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 56
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 32
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 34
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 33
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol 34
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 39
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 40
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol 36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr 77
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV 19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
24 82
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
24 81
Number of Neutrons
28 62
Number of Electrons
24 81
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm 48
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm 47
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 35
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu 76
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol 78
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
39
Next Element
31
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV) 4
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm 69
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86 4
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3 63
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3 69
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa 7
Viscosity
0.00 23
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa) 1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa 9
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa 11
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa 8
Poisson Ratio
0.21 33
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.19 62
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 17
Susceptibility
0.00 10
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m 27
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω 30
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol 17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K) 12
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K 65
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K 17
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K 24
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K) 72
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol 35
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol 20
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol 27
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K 74
Summary >>
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