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Tungsten vs Cobalt

Tungsten
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Co  
Group Number
6  
12
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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