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Dubnium vs Lead

Dubnium
Lead
Lead vs Dubnium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Db  
Pb  
Group Number
5  
13
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
53850354  
14
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1968  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
-  
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
330.00 MPa  
38
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.20  
99+
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
55.00 %  
27
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Db  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
105  
13
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
105  
13
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
125  
20
Number of Electrons
105  
13
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
149.00 pm  
37
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
268.00 amu  
10
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rutherfordium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Seaborgium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
29.30 g/cm3  
5
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
29.30 g/cm3  
6
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
34.00 GPa  
22
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
39.00 GPa  
39
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
39.00  
3
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
-  
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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