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Dysprosium vs Cerium

Dysprosium
Cerium
Cerium vs Dysprosium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy  
Ce  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7429916  
99+
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In 1886  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
33
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
28
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C  
32
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,257.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa  
32
210.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s  
99+
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.78  
23
2.20  
9
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Dy  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
39
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.22  
31
1.12  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22  
38
1.12  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.22  
99+
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
7th Energy level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
24th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.84 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
66  
99+
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
66  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
96  
36
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
66  
99+
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm  
18
181.80 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
235.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu  
99+
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol  
35
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Terbium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Holmium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)  
33
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm  
99+
362.00 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.59  
31
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3  
99+
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
270.00 MPa  
17
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa  
39
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa  
36
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa  
35
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
25
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.55  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m  
2
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K  
17
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K  
99+
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,680.00 K  
36
1,071.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol  
38
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K  
7
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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