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Dysprosium vs Chromium

Dysprosium
Chromium
Chromium vs Dysprosium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy   
Cr   
Group Number
Not Available   
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7429916   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1886   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
33
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
28
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C   
32
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa   
23
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa   
20
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s   
33
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Dy   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.56   
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol   
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
66   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
66   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
96   
35
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
66   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm   
16
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol   
23
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Terbium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Holmium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)   
32
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm   
37
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
15
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3   
25
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa   
31
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa   
31
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa   
33
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
25
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.55   
38
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m   
2
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K   
14
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol   
39
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol   
32
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K   
7
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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