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Dysprosium vs Rutherfordium

Dysprosium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Dysprosium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Dy  
Rf  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7429916  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
  • Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1886  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
33
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
28
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
35
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
  • Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C  
32
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
-  
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa  
32
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.78  
23
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Dy  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
39
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.22  
31
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22  
38
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.22  
99+
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
66  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Dysprosium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
66  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
96  
36
157  
8
Number of Electrons
66  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm  
18
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol  
35
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Terbium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Holmium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)  
33
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa  
39
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa  
36
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa  
35
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
25
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.55  
99+
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m  
2
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K  
17
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K  
99+
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,680.00 K  
36
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol  
38
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K  
7
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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